Understanding Automatisms in Seizures

Definition

Automatisms are non-purposeful, stereotypical, and repetitive behaviours often observed alongside complex partial seizures.

Characteristics

In automatisms, individuals exhibit movements unrelated to their current situation, which may appear unusual and different from their normal behaviour.

The behaviour displayed during automatisms is inappropriate for the context, and the person experiencing them typically has no recollection of these actions.

Types of Verbal Automatisms

• Simple Vocalization: Uttering single words.
• Moaning: Emitting low sounds of discomfort.
• Stereotype Speech: Repeating words or phrases, sometimes complex and incomprehensible.

Common Manifestations

Temporal lobe partial seizures often present with:

• Oral Movements: Such as lip smacking or chewing motions.
• Gulping or Swallowing: Involuntary actions of swallowing.
• Manual Movements: Including grabbing, picking, fumbling, or patting.

Elaborate Automatisms

In some cases, automatisms may escalate to more complex movements:

• Cycling Leg Movements: Repetitive cycling motions of the legs.
• Swimming Arm Movements: Mimicking swimming strokes such as backstroke or front stroke.
• Alternating Limb Movements: Moving one arm or leg up and down alternately.
• Head Rolling: Rolling the head from side to side.